Italian States 1626 Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, Piacenza, Castro 1 Scudo
His position was strengthened by his marriage to a daughter of the Medici family. Nevertheless, his army and navy suffered severe losses, but Odoardo was finally able to retain his possessions in the Peace of 1644.
The treaty also reconciled him with the Church, from which he had been excommunicated for alleged harsh rule of his Castro dukedom. The inscription in Latin abbreviations seems to translate as Odoardo Farnese, Calm and Ready Leader. The reverse side shows the aged St.
He is mounted on a powerful steed and is carrying the banner of Christ. The inscription on the circumference, in what seems to be original abbreviations of Latin, may translate as St. This a historical gem, elegantly engraved and well-preserved. There is a small gouge below the horse's nose.